• The Bases, Principles, and Methods of Training Environmental Citizens from an Islamic Perspective
Abstract
This research is intended to identify the bases, principles, and methods of training environmental citizens through considering environmental problems of Iran from an Islamic perspective. An inductive method is used to carry out this research. Ontologically speaking, the results indicated that the nature is ‘from Him and towards Him’. The whole nature is merged into the word of “Allah”. There is a perfect unity between man and the nature. The nature is divine. It is founded on a perfect system. The nature’s structure is based on justice, and life is comprehensive. According to these bases, the following principles can be induced for the environment from Islamic perspective: sustaining the idea of ‘from Him and towards Him’, hermeneutics and interpretation, supporting the idea of the unity of man and respecting the nature as a divine creature. These bases and principle led the researchers to reach to methods such as bilateral attention to the nature as an instrument and a source of spirituality, studying the nature as a divine demonstration, running out of the nature as a cover, the sameness of man and the nature, supporting adaptive behaviors with nature, reviving the link between science and spirituality, and sacredness of growing plants for training environmental citizens. This research is intended to identify the bases, principles, and methods of training environmental citizens through considering environmental problems of Iran from an Islamic perspective. An inductive method is used to carry out this research. Ontologically speaking, the results indicated that the nature is ‘from Him and towards Him’. The whole nature is merged into the word of “Allah”. There is a perfect unity between man and the nature. The nature is divine. It is founded on a perfect system. The nature’s structure is based on justice, and life is comprehensive. According to these bases, the following principles can be induced for the environment from Islamic perspective: sustaining the idea of ‘from Him and towards Him’, hermeneutics and interpretation, supporting the idea of the unity of man and respecting the nature as a divine creature. These bases and principle led the researchers to reach to methods such as bilateral attention to the nature as an instrument and a source of spirituality, studying the nature as a divine demonstration, running out of the nature as a cover, the sameness of man and the nature, supporting adaptive behaviors with nature, reviving the link between science and spirituality, and sacredness of growing plants for training environmental citizens.
جعفری، محمد تقی (1385). حقوق جهانی بشر، مقایسه و تطبیق دو نظام اسلام و غرب. تهران: مؤسسه نشر آثار علامه جعفری.
جمشیدى، محمّد حسین (1380). نظریه عدالت از دیدگاه فارابى، شهید صدر و امام خمینى(ره). تهران: انتشارات پژوهشکده امام خمینى(ره).
جوادی آملی، عبد الله (1386). تفسیر موضوعی قرآن کریم، قرآن در قرآن. قم: نشر اسراء.
جوادی آملی، عبدالله (1388). اسلام و محیط زیست. قم: نشر اسراء.
جوادی آملی، عبدالله (1391). مفاتیح الحیاه. قم: نشر اسراء.
حکیمى، محمدرضا؛ حکیمى، محمد؛ حکیمى، على (1408ق). الحیاه. تهران: نشر فرهنگ اسلامى.
راغب اصفهانى، حسین بن محمد (1412ق). مفردات ألفاظ القرآن. بیروت: انتشارات دار‌القلم.
شریف طباطبایی، محمد حسین (1371). المیزان فی تفسیر القرآن. قم: انتشارات اسماعیلیان.
طباطبایی، محمد حسین (1374). تفسیر المیزان. ترجمة محمد باقر موسوی همدانی. قم: انتشارات اسلامی.
طباطبایی، محمد حسین (1388). ترجمه و شرح بدایه الحکمه. قم: نشر بوستان کتاب.
طبرسى، على بن حسن (1385ق). مشکاة الأنوار فی غرر الأخبار. نجف: انتشارات المکتبه الحیدریه.
کلینى، محمد بن یعقوب بن اسحاق (1429ق). الکافی. قم: طبع دارالحدیث.
گرگی‌زاده، اسماء (1390). جایگاه حیات در اسلام و مقایسه با آراء اندیشمندان پس از رنسانس و تأثیر آن بر اخلاق زیست محیطی. پایان‌نامة کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه پیام نور تهران.
محقق داماد، مصطفی (1380). ضرورت ارتقای ارزش‌های دینی و فرهنگی در توسعة پایدار. مجموعه مقالات ارائه شده در همایش بین‌المللی محیط زیست، دین و فرهنگ. تهران.
محمدی اصل، عباس (1388). زنان و محیط زیست. تهران: نشر شیرازه.
مطهری، مرتضی (1377). مجموعه آثار. قم: انتشارات صدرا.
مکارم شیرازی، ناصر (1374). تفسیر نمونه. تهران: انتشارات دارالکتب الاسلامیه.
میرزائی، داود (1390). بررسی نسبت میان انسان با طبیعت و تکنولوژی در هنر محیطی. پایان‌نامة کارشناسی ارشد پژوهش هنر. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی. واحد تهران مرکزی.
نصر، حسین (1377). نظر متفکران اسلامی در بارة طبیعت. تهران: نشر سهروردی.
نصر، حسین (1379). انسان و طبیعت. ترجمه عبدالکریم گواهی. تهران: نشر فرهنگ اسلامی.
نصر، حسین (1380). معرفت و معنویت. ترجمة انشاءالله رحمتی. تهران: نشر سهروردی.
نصر، حسین (1386). دین و نظام طبیعت. ترجمه محمد حسن فغفوری. تهران: انتشارات حکمت.
Ashley, M. (2000). Behavior change and environmental citizenship: a case for spiritual development? International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 5(2), 131-145.
Bell, D R. (2005). Liberal environmental citizenship. Environmental Politics, 14(2.), 179 – 194.
Bishop, S. (1991). Green theology and deep ecology: New age or new creation? Themelios, 16 (3), 8-14.
Bs Ba, D W. (2007). Earth tones: How environmental journalism and environmental ethics influence environmental citizenship. Thesis prepared for the degree of Master of Arts, University of North Texas.
Chuck, C. (1997). The Practice of Citizenship as Support for Deep Ecology. The trumpeter gournal of ecosophy. 14 (2), 1-7 .
Hawthorne, M. & Alabaster, T. (1999). Citizen 2000: development of a model of environmental citizenship. Global Environmental Change, 9, 25-43.
Izzi Dien, M. (1997). Islam and the Environment: theory and practice. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 18(1), 332–339.
Khalid, F. & O’Brien, J. (1992). Islam and Ecology. London: Cassell PLC Publishers.
Mallory, Ch. (2013). Locating ecofeminism in encounters with food and place.Agric Environ Ethics, 26,171–189.
Mayer, E. (1994). The power and the promise of ecofeminism. Reconsidered Honors Projects. Paper 4. http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/phil_honproj/4.
Moore, Sh. (2012). Climate change and environmental citizenship: transition to a post-consumerist future? Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Tasmania.
Mueller, H. (2011). Sustainable citizenship as a key to sustainability: Establishing a common ground on technology use in New Zealand’s dairy sector. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Science at The University of Waikato.
Pettus, K. (1997). Ecofemnist citizenship. Hypati, 12(4), 131-155.
(2016). • The Bases, Principles, and Methods of Training Environmental Citizens from an Islamic Perspective. Research in Islamic Education Issues, 24(30), 54-88.
MLA
. "• The Bases, Principles, and Methods of Training Environmental Citizens from an Islamic Perspective", Research in Islamic Education Issues, 24, 30, 2016, 54-88.
HARVARD
(2016). '• The Bases, Principles, and Methods of Training Environmental Citizens from an Islamic Perspective', Research in Islamic Education Issues, 24(30), pp. 54-88.
VANCOUVER
• The Bases, Principles, and Methods of Training Environmental Citizens from an Islamic Perspective. Research in Islamic Education Issues, 2016; 24(30): 54-88.
)
