بررسی نقش و تاثیر معماری اسلامی–ایرانی بر تربیت از ظهور دوره صفویه تا پایان دوره قاجاریه (مطالعات موردی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران

4 استاد، گروه مدیریت فرهنگی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران

5 استادیار، سازمان پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مساجد و مدارس در تاریخ ایران، از جمله مهمترین مراکز آموزشی بوده اند و عملکرد آموزشی این مراکز همچنان ادامه دارد. توجه به سیرتحولات معماری آنان در گذر زمان به‌منظور پی‌بردن به تاثیرات تربیتی و مولفه‌های موثر در ساختار این مراکز و بهره گیری از تجارب در ساخت مدارس جدید و برنامه های درسی یک فعالیت علمی بسیار مفید است. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر عناصر و مولفه های معماری مسجد- مدرسه ها و اثر ترکیبی آنها بر ابعاد تربیت است. روش این پژوهش، استفاده از مطالعه میدانی و مشاهده مولفه ها و عناصر معماری و مصاحبه با تعدادی از مدرسان و محصلین این مدارس با تکیه بر مطالعات کتابخانه ای و اسنادی، بررسی نقشه ها و طرح های سه بعدی و تکنیک های تحلیلی توصیفی است، تا چگونگی تاثیر گذاری مستقیم و یا غیر مستقیم مولفه ها و عناصر معماری مسجد- مدرسه ها و تاثیر ترکیبی این مولفه ها بر ابعاد مختلف تعلیم و تربیت مشخص گردد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که تاثیرات تربیتی خاص به لحاظ اعتقادی، معنوی و ارزشی، اجتماعی و تاریخی، هنری و زیبایی شناختی، اقتصادی و حرفه ای و علمی و فناوری درنگرش وباورها و رفتار افراد شاغل به تحصیل و تدریس در این مراکز دارند. و بدین لحاظ در معماری مدارس جدید باید به تاثیر این عناصر در نگرش، باورها ،اعتقادات، ارزش ها و رفتارهای شاغلان به تحصیل و یا تدریس در مراکز آموزشی توجه شود. بویژه آنکه مدارس جدید به دلیل تاثیر پذیری از معماری غربی و فاصله گرفتن ازمعماری بومی، جنبه های تربیتی و هویتی خود را در ابعاد مختلف از دست داده اند و فضای آموزشی غیر معنوی را برای محصلین بوجود آورده است. علت این تفاوت ها را باید هم در نوع معماری مدارس قدیم و جدید جستجو کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the role and impact of Islamic-Iranian architecture on education from the emergence of the Safavid period to the end of the Qajar period (case studies)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahabeddin Alemi 1
  • Mohammadhasan pardakhtchi 2
  • Mohammad mannan Raeisi 3
  • Esmaiel Kavousy 4
  • Sayed amir Ravan 5
1 PhD Student, Department of Educational Management, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Cultural Management, Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Educational Research and Planning Organization, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Mosques and schools have been among the most important educational centers in the history of Iran, and the educational function of these centers continues. Paying attention to the evolution of their architecture over time in order to understand the educational effects and effective components in the structure of these centers and to take advantage of the experiences in building new schools and curricula is a very useful scientific activity. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of the architectural elements and components of mosque-schools and their combined effect on the dimensions of education. The method of this research is the use of field study and observation of architectural components and elements and interviews with a number of teachers and students of these schools, relying on library and documentary studies, examining maps and three-dimensional designs and descriptive analytical techniques, to How to directly or indirectly influence the architectural components and elements of mosque-schools and the combined effect of these components on different dimensions of education and training. The results of this study showed that there are specific educational effects in terms of belief, spirituality and value, social and historical, artistic and aesthetic, economic and professional, scientific and technological, in the attitude, beliefs and behavior of people working in education and teaching in these centers. And in this sense, in the architecture of new schools, attention should be paid to the impact of these elements on the attitudes, beliefs, values, and behaviors of employees towards studying or teaching in educational centers. Especially because the new schools have lost their educational and identity aspects in different dimensions due to being influenced by western architecture and distancing themselves from native architecture, and it has created a non-spiritual educational environment for students.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Educational space
  • Islamic education
  • Islamic architecture
  • mosque-school

Smiley face

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دوره 33، شماره 68 - شماره پیاپی 68
شماره 3- پیاپی 68 پاییز 1404
مهر 1404
صفحه 37-63
  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 خرداد 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 14 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار: 05 مهر 1404